手术治疗主要用于去除瘤灶，达到治疗的目的，同时也适用于癌症的预防、诊断、 分期、术后结构重建与功能康复等。这种方法不存在生物抵抗性；无潜在致癌可能； 不受肿瘤差异性影响；能提供准确的病理分期及组织学类型；适用于大部分未扩散 的肿瘤。但是会破坏正常组织；可有手术并发症，可致畸形、影响正常功能，甚至 危及生命；已有转移者，不能完全治愈；重要器官无法彻底切除。
如果篩檢為陽性，或者是出現許多前述症狀、久未改善，就需進一步診斷，癌症診斷方式包括三大類：
If a human could Are living extensive enough, it truly is unavoidable that a minimum of among his / her cells would eventually accumulate a list of mutations ample for cancer to establish. ^
癌症易复发、转移，早期患者复发率、转移率偏低，有些可治愈，中晚期患者复发率、转移率、致死率高，通常预后不良。
Indications of cancer metastasis depend upon The situation with the tumor. When most cancers commences, it makes no signs and symptoms. Indicators and indications look because the mass grows or ulcerates.
如前所述，癌症源于正常细胞转变为肿瘤细胞的多阶段过程，通常从癌前病变发展 到恶性肿瘤。这些变化是一个人的遗传因素与三种外部因素相互作用的结果，外部 因素包括：
惡性腫瘤的命名通常使用其發生器官的拉丁文或希臘文作為字首，上述類別則作為字根來命名。對於常見的癌症，有時會使用英文的器官名來代替希臘或拉丁文名。例如，最普遍的乳癌類型即名為ductal carcinoma in the breast或者是mammary ductal carcinoma。而在中文领域，则分为两种情况。如果该恶性肿瘤是上皮组织来源的，则在上皮名称后面加一“癌”字。如果是间叶组织来源的，则被称为肉瘤。例如，生長在肝臟的惡性腫瘤命名即為肝臟上皮細胞腫瘤（英语：hepatocellular carcinoma），或简称为更常见的“肝癌”；發生在脂肪細胞則稱作脂肪肉瘤。而骨肉瘤则是间叶组织来源的。如果一恶性肿瘤既有癌的成分，又有肉瘤成分，则被称为癌肉瘤。
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While in the nineteen seventies, a relatively well-known alternate most cancers procedure within the US was a specialized type of speak therapy, according to the concept cancer was because of a bad attitude.[244] Those with a "cancer temperament"—frustrated, repressed, self-loathing and fearful to precise their thoughts—have been believed to acquire manifested most cancers through subconscious wish. Some psychotherapists claimed that treatment to alter the client's outlook on everyday living would heal the most cancers.[244] Amid other effects, this perception permitted Modern society to blame the sufferer for owning brought about the cancer (by "wanting" it) or acquiring prevented its cure (by not getting to be a adequately delighted, fearless and loving human being).
正常情况下，抑癌基因有抑制肿瘤发生的功能。若该基因失活，对肿瘤的抑制作用下降或丧失，细胞发生恶性转化，形成肿瘤。
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dans le but de protéger les espèces menacés, mais beaucoup font encore l’objet de seize et dressage pour amuser les touristes ou fabriquer des souvenirs.
作为加速消除宫颈癌全球战略的一部分，提供全球领导和技术援助，支持各国政府及其合作伙伴建立和维持高质量的宫颈癌控制规划；
While epigenetic alterations are located in cancers, the epigenetic alterations in DNA maintenance genes, causing reduced expression of DNA maintenance proteins, could be of certain significance.